श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता
Śrīmadbhagavadgītā
प्रथमोऽध्यायः
prathamō'dhyāyaḥ
अर्जुनविषादयोगः
arjunaviṣādayogaḥ
01-01
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच
धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सव: ।
मामकाः पाणडवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय ॥ १-१
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca
dharmākṣētrē kurukṣētrē samavētā yuyutsavaḥ
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāścaiva kimakurvata sañjaya
Dhrtarashtra said:
Gathered on the holy place
of Kurukshetra, desirous to fight,
what did my sons and
Pandu’s sons do?
Śrīmadbhagavadgītā
प्रथमोऽध्यायः
prathamō'dhyāyaḥ
अर्जुनविषादयोगः
arjunaviṣādayogaḥ
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच
धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सव: ।
मामकाः पाणडवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय ॥ १-१
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca
dharmākṣētrē kurukṣētrē samavētā yuyutsavaḥ
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāścaiva kimakurvata sañjaya
Dhrtarashtra said:
Gathered on the holy place of Kurukshetra, desirous to fight,
what did my sons and Pandu’s sons do?
01-02
सञ्जय उवाच
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकम् व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥ १-२
After seeing the army of the Pandavas arranged in battle-ready formation, King Duryodhana at that time approached his teacher, Drona, and spoke these words.
01-03
पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणाम् आचार्य महतीं चमूम् ।
व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिश्येण धीमता ॥ १-३
arranged for battle by your talented student, son of Drupada [Dhrshtadyumna].
01-04
अत्र शूरा महेश्वासाः भीमार्जुनसमा युधि ।
युयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः ॥ १-४
atra śūrā maheṣvāsāḥ bhīmārjunasamā yudhi
yuyudhāno virāṭaśca drupadaśca mahārathaḥ
Here in the battle there are many mighty archers equal in prowess to Bhima and Arjuna;
Yuyudhana, Virata and Drupada the great warrior.
01-05
धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान् ।
पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः ॥ १-५
dhṛṣṭaketuścekitānaḥ kāśirājaśca vīryavān
purujit kuntibhojaśca śaibyśca narapuṅgavaḥ
Dhrstaketu, Cekitan, and the valiant king of Kashi,
Purujit, Kuntiboja and Shaibya the best of men.
01-06
युधामन्युश्च विक्रान्तः उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान् ।
सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्व एव महारथाः ॥ १-६
Son of Subhadra [Abhimanyu], and sons of Draupadi – all are great chariot-warriors.
01-07
अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम ।
नायका मम सैन्यस्य सञ्ज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते ॥ १-७
leaders of our army, I mention to you for your information.
01-08
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः ।
अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च ॥ १-८
another version
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः ।
अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिर्जयद्रतः ॥ १-८
bhavānbhīṣmaśca karṇaśca kr̥paśca samitiñjayaḥ
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaśca saumadattirjayadrathaḥ
01-09
अन्ये च बहवः शूराः मदर्थे त्यक्त्तजीविताः ।
नानाशस्त्रप्रहरणाः सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः ॥ १-९
anyē ca bahavaḥ śūrāḥ madarthē tyaktajīvitāḥ
nānāśastrapraharaṇāḥ sarvē yuddhaviśāradāḥ
And many other heroes who are ready to give up their lives for my sake,
armed with various kinds of weapons and all are highly skilled in warfare.
सञ्जय उवाच
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकम् व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥ १-२
sañjaya uvāca
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkam vyūḍhaṃ duryōdhanastadā
ācāryamupasaṅgamya rājā vacanamabravīt
Sanjaya said:dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkam vyūḍhaṃ duryōdhanastadā
ācāryamupasaṅgamya rājā vacanamabravīt
After seeing the army of the Pandavas arranged in battle-ready formation, King Duryodhana at that time approached his teacher, Drona, and spoke these words.
01-03
पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणाम् आचार्य महतीं चमूम् ।
व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिश्येण धीमता ॥ १-३
paśyaitāṃ pāṇḍuputrāṇām ācārya mahatīṃ camūm
vyūḍhāṃ drupadaputrēṇa tava śiśyēṇa dhīmatā
Behold, o teacher, this
great army of sons of Panduvyūḍhāṃ drupadaputrēṇa tava śiśyēṇa dhīmatā
arranged for battle by your talented student, son of Drupada [Dhrshtadyumna].
01-04
अत्र शूरा महेश्वासाः भीमार्जुनसमा युधि ।
युयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः ॥ १-४
atra śūrā maheṣvāsāḥ bhīmārjunasamā yudhi
yuyudhāno virāṭaśca drupadaśca mahārathaḥ
Here in the battle there are many mighty archers equal in prowess to Bhima and Arjuna;
Yuyudhana, Virata and Drupada the great warrior.
01-05
धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान् ।
पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः ॥ १-५
dhṛṣṭaketuścekitānaḥ kāśirājaśca vīryavān
purujit kuntibhojaśca śaibyśca narapuṅgavaḥ
Dhrstaketu, Cekitan, and the valiant king of Kashi,
Purujit, Kuntiboja and Shaibya the best of men.
01-06
युधामन्युश्च विक्रान्तः उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान् ।
सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्व एव महारथाः ॥ १-६
yudhāmanyuśca vikrāntaḥ uttamaujāśca vīryavān
saubhadrō draupadēyāśca sarva ēva mahārathāḥ
Mighty Yudhamanyu and brave
Uttamaujasaubhadrō draupadēyāśca sarva ēva mahārathāḥ
Son of Subhadra [Abhimanyu], and sons of Draupadi – all are great chariot-warriors.
01-07
अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम ।
नायका मम सैन्यस्य सञ्ज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते ॥ १-७
asmākaṃ tu viśiṣṭā yē tānnibōdha dvijōttama
nāyakā mama sainyasya saṃjñārthaṃ tān bravīmi tē
O Dvijottama, be informed
about them also who are distinguished nāyakā mama sainyasya saṃjñārthaṃ tān bravīmi tē
leaders of our army, I mention to you for your information.
01-08
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः ।
अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च ॥ १-८
bhavānbhīṣmaśca karṇaśca kṛpaśca samitiñjayaḥ
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaśca saumadattistathaivaca
Yourself and Bheeshma and Karna and Krpa who are ever victorious in battle,
and also Ashvathama, Vikarna and son of Somadatta [Bhurisrava].
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaśca saumadattistathaivaca
Yourself and Bheeshma and Karna and Krpa who are ever victorious in battle,
and also Ashvathama, Vikarna and son of Somadatta [Bhurisrava].
another version
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः ।
अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिर्जयद्रतः ॥ १-८
bhavānbhīṣmaśca karṇaśca kr̥paśca samitiñjayaḥ
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaśca saumadattirjayadrathaḥ
01-09
अन्ये च बहवः शूराः मदर्थे त्यक्त्तजीविताः ।
नानाशस्त्रप्रहरणाः सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः ॥ १-९
anyē ca bahavaḥ śūrāḥ madarthē tyaktajīvitāḥ
nānāśastrapraharaṇāḥ sarvē yuddhaviśāradāḥ
And many other heroes who are ready to give up their lives for my sake,
armed with various kinds of weapons and all are highly skilled in warfare.
01-10
अपर्याप्तं तदस्माकम् बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम् ।
पर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषाम् बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम् ॥ १-१०
aparyāptaṁ tadasmākam balaṁ bhīṣmābhirakṣitam
paryāptaṁ tvidamētēṣām balaṁ bhīmābhirakṣitam
The strength of our army, protected by Bheeshma, is immeasurable.
Whereas the strength of their [Pandavas] army, protected by Bheema, is limited.
पर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषाम् बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम् ॥ १-१०
aparyāptaṁ tadasmākam balaṁ bhīṣmābhirakṣitam
paryāptaṁ tvidamētēṣām balaṁ bhīmābhirakṣitam
The strength of our army, protected by Bheeshma, is immeasurable.
Whereas the strength of their [Pandavas] army, protected by Bheema, is limited.
01-11
अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमवस्थिताः ।
भीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु भवन्तः सर्व एव हि ॥ १-११
ayanēṣu ca sarvēṣu yathābhāgamavasthitāḥ
bhīṣmamēvābhirakṣantu bhavantaḥ sarva ēva hi
Stationed in your respective strategic points in all fronts,
all of you must support Bheeshma.
01-12
तस्य सञ्जनयन्हर्षम् कुरुवृध्दः पितामहः ।
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥ १-१२
tasya sañjanayanharṣam kuruvr̥ddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ
siṁhanādaṁ vinadyōccaiḥ śaṅkhaṁ dadhmau pratāpavān
To cheer him up, the grand old man of Kuru dynasty, grand-father of the fighters [Bheeshma]
blew his conch loudly like a roar of a lion.
01-13
ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः ।
सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत् ॥ १-१३
tataḥ śaṅkhāśca bhēryaśca paṇavānakagōmukhāḥ
sahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śabdastumulō'bhavat
Then conches, kettledrums, tabors, drums and cowhorns [like trumpet]
all suddenly blared at once, and the combined noise was tumultuous.
01-14
ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थिथौ ।
माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदध्मतुः ॥ १-१४
tataḥ śvētairhayairyuktē mahati syandanē sthitau
mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaścaiva divyau śaṅkhau pradadhmatuḥ
Then seated in a magnificent chariot yoked to white horses,
Madhava and Pandava [Arjuna] also blew their divine conches.
01-15
पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशः देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः ।
पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खम् भीमकर्मा वृकोदर: ॥ १-१५
pāñcajanyaṁ hr̥ṣīkēśaḥ dēvadattaṁ dhanañjayaḥ
pauṇḍraṁ dadhmau mahāśaṅkham bhīmakarmā vr̥kōdaraḥ
Hrshikesha [Krishna] blew his conchshell named Panchajanya, Dhanajaya [Arjuna] blew his the Devadatta.
The mighty conchshell called Paundram was blown by Vrkodara [Bheema], the voracious eater and performer of terrific valiant deeds.
01-17
काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः ।
धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः ॥ १-१७
kāśyaśca paramēṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahārathaḥ
dhr̥ṣṭadyumnō virāṭaśca sātyakiścāparājitaḥ
The King of Kashi the great archer, and Shikhandi the great chariot warrior,
Dhrshtadyumna and Virata and the invisible Satyaki.
01-21
हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यम् इदमाह महीपते ।
अर्जुन उवाच
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत ॥ १-२१
hr̥ṣīkēśaṁ tadā vākyam idamāha mahīpatē
arjuna uvāca
sēnayōrubhayōrmadhyē rathaṁ sthāpaya mē:'cyuta
Arjuna said these words to Hrshikesha [Krshna], o Lord of the earth,
place my chariot in the middle between the two armies, o Achyuta.
01-23
योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहम् य एतेऽत्र समागताः ।
धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेः युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः ॥ १-२३
yōtsyamānānavēkṣē'ham ya ētē:'tra samāgatāḥ
dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddhēḥ yuddhē priyacikīrṣavaḥ
I want to see those who have come and assembled here to fight,
wishing to please the evil-minded son of Dhrtarashtra [Duryodhana] in the battle.
01-24
एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशः गुडाकेशेन भारत ।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम् ॥ १-२४
sañjaya uvāca
ēvamuktō hr̥ṣīkēśaḥ guḍākēśēna bhārata
sēnayōrubhayōrmadhyē sthāpayitvā rathōttamam
Sanjaya said:
अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमवस्थिताः ।
भीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु भवन्तः सर्व एव हि ॥ १-११
ayanēṣu ca sarvēṣu yathābhāgamavasthitāḥ
bhīṣmamēvābhirakṣantu bhavantaḥ sarva ēva hi
Stationed in your respective strategic points in all fronts,
all of you must support Bheeshma.
01-12
तस्य सञ्जनयन्हर्षम् कुरुवृध्दः पितामहः ।
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥ १-१२
tasya sañjanayanharṣam kuruvr̥ddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ
siṁhanādaṁ vinadyōccaiḥ śaṅkhaṁ dadhmau pratāpavān
To cheer him up, the grand old man of Kuru dynasty, grand-father of the fighters [Bheeshma]
blew his conch loudly like a roar of a lion.
ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः ।
सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत् ॥ १-१३
tataḥ śaṅkhāśca bhēryaśca paṇavānakagōmukhāḥ
sahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śabdastumulō'bhavat
Then conches, kettledrums, tabors, drums and cowhorns [like trumpet]
all suddenly blared at once, and the combined noise was tumultuous.
01-14
ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थिथौ ।
माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदध्मतुः ॥ १-१४
tataḥ śvētairhayairyuktē mahati syandanē sthitau
mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaścaiva divyau śaṅkhau pradadhmatuḥ
Then seated in a magnificent chariot yoked to white horses,
Madhava and Pandava [Arjuna] also blew their divine conches.
01-15
पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशः देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः ।
पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खम् भीमकर्मा वृकोदर: ॥ १-१५
pāñcajanyaṁ hr̥ṣīkēśaḥ dēvadattaṁ dhanañjayaḥ
pauṇḍraṁ dadhmau mahāśaṅkham bhīmakarmā vr̥kōdaraḥ
Hrshikesha [Krishna] blew his conchshell named Panchajanya, Dhanajaya [Arjuna] blew his the Devadatta.
The mighty conchshell called Paundram was blown by Vrkodara [Bheema], the voracious eater and performer of terrific valiant deeds.
01-16
अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ ॥ १-१६
anantavijayaṁ rājā kuntīputrō yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
nakulaḥ sahadēvaśca sughōṣamaṇipuṣpakau
Son of Kunti, King Ydhishtira, blew his conch Anantavijaya,
while Nakula and Sahadeva blew their conches named Sughosha and Manipushpaka.
अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ ॥ १-१६
anantavijayaṁ rājā kuntīputrō yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
nakulaḥ sahadēvaśca sughōṣamaṇipuṣpakau
Son of Kunti, King Ydhishtira, blew his conch Anantavijaya,
while Nakula and Sahadeva blew their conches named Sughosha and Manipushpaka.
01-17
काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः ।
धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः ॥ १-१७
kāśyaśca paramēṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahārathaḥ
dhr̥ṣṭadyumnō virāṭaśca sātyakiścāparājitaḥ
The King of Kashi the great archer, and Shikhandi the great chariot warrior,
Dhrshtadyumna and Virata and the invisible Satyaki.
01-18
द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते ।
सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक् पृथक् ॥ १-१८
drupadō draupadēyāśca sarvaśaḥ pr̥thivīpatē
saubhadraśca mahābāhuḥ śaṅkhāndadhmuḥ pr̥thakpr̥thak
O Lord of the earth, Drupada, the sons of Draupadi and all others
like the mighty armed son of Subhadra [Abhimanyu] blew their respective conchs.
द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते ।
सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक् पृथक् ॥ १-१८
drupadō draupadēyāśca sarvaśaḥ pr̥thivīpatē
saubhadraśca mahābāhuḥ śaṅkhāndadhmuḥ pr̥thakpr̥thak
O Lord of the earth, Drupada, the sons of Draupadi and all others
like the mighty armed son of Subhadra [Abhimanyu] blew their respective conchs.
01-19
स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणाम् हृदयानि व्यदारयत् ।
नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन् ॥ १-१९
sa ghōṣō dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām hr̥dayāni vyadārayat
nabhaśca pr̥thivīṁ caiva tumulō vyanunādayan
The terrible sound, shattered the hearts of Dhrtarashtra’s army,
and made the sky and earth reverberate.
स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणाम् हृदयानि व्यदारयत् ।
नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन् ॥ १-१९
sa ghōṣō dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām hr̥dayāni vyadārayat
nabhaśca pr̥thivīṁ caiva tumulō vyanunādayan
The terrible sound, shattered the hearts of Dhrtarashtra’s army,
and made the sky and earth reverberate.
01-20
अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान् कपिध्वज: ।
प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥ १-२०
atha vyavasthitān dṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrān kapidhvajaḥ
pravrttē śastrasampātē dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ
Then seeing Dhrtarashtra’s sons standing arrayed, ready to use weapons, son of Pandu [Arjuna] with monkey sign on the flag of his chariot took up his bow
अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान् कपिध्वज: ।
प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥ १-२०
atha vyavasthitān dṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrān kapidhvajaḥ
pravrttē śastrasampātē dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ
Then seeing Dhrtarashtra’s sons standing arrayed, ready to use weapons, son of Pandu [Arjuna] with monkey sign on the flag of his chariot took up his bow
01-21
हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यम् इदमाह महीपते ।
अर्जुन उवाच
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत ॥ १-२१
hr̥ṣīkēśaṁ tadā vākyam idamāha mahīpatē
arjuna uvāca
sēnayōrubhayōrmadhyē rathaṁ sthāpaya mē:'cyuta
Arjuna said these words to Hrshikesha [Krshna], o Lord of the earth,
place my chariot in the middle between the two armies, o Achyuta.
01-22
यावदेतान्निरिक्षेऽहम् योद्धुकामानवस्थितान् ।
कैर्मया सह योध्दव्यम् अस्मिन् रणसमुध्यमे ॥ १-२२
yāvadētānnirīkṣē:'ham yōddhukāmānavasthitān
kairmayā saha yōddhavyam asmin raṇasamudyamē
While I may see those who are standing
eager to fight, and with whom I have to fight in this great battle.
यावदेतान्निरिक्षेऽहम् योद्धुकामानवस्थितान् ।
कैर्मया सह योध्दव्यम् अस्मिन् रणसमुध्यमे ॥ १-२२
yāvadētānnirīkṣē:'ham yōddhukāmānavasthitān
kairmayā saha yōddhavyam asmin raṇasamudyamē
While I may see those who are standing
eager to fight, and with whom I have to fight in this great battle.
01-23
योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहम् य एतेऽत्र समागताः ।
धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेः युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः ॥ १-२३
yōtsyamānānavēkṣē'ham ya ētē:'tra samāgatāḥ
dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddhēḥ yuddhē priyacikīrṣavaḥ
I want to see those who have come and assembled here to fight,
wishing to please the evil-minded son of Dhrtarashtra [Duryodhana] in the battle.
01-24
एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशः गुडाकेशेन भारत ।
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम् ॥ १-२४
sañjaya uvāca
ēvamuktō hr̥ṣīkēśaḥ guḍākēśēna bhārata
sēnayōrubhayōrmadhyē sthāpayitvā rathōttamam
Sanjaya said:
O descendent
of Bharata [Drtarashtra], thus addressed by Gudakesha [Arjuna] Hrshikesha
[Krshna]
halted the best of chariots between the two armies,
01-25
भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम् ।
उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान् समवेतान्कुरूनिति ॥ १-२५
bhīṣmadrōṇapramukhataḥ sarvēṣāṁ ca mahīkṣitām
uvāca pārtha paśyaitān samavētānkurūniti
In front of Bhisma, Drona and all the rulers of the earth,
and said, o Partha [Arjuna], see these family members of Kuru [Kauravas] assembled here.
01-28
कृपया परयाविष्टः विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत् ।
अर्जुन उवाच
दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम् ॥ १-२ ८
kr̥payā parayāviṣṭaḥ viṣīdannidamabravīt
arjuna uvāca
dr̥ṣṭvēmānsvajanānkr̥ṣṇa yuyutsūnsamupasthitān
He was filled with deep compassion and spoke thus in sorrow:
Arjuna said:
halted the best of chariots between the two armies,
01-25
भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम् ।
उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान् समवेतान्कुरूनिति ॥ १-२५
bhīṣmadrōṇapramukhataḥ sarvēṣāṁ ca mahīkṣitām
uvāca pārtha paśyaitān samavētānkurūniti
In front of Bhisma, Drona and all the rulers of the earth,
and said, o Partha [Arjuna], see these family members of Kuru [Kauravas] assembled here.
01-26
तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान् पार्थः पितॄनथ पितामहान् ।
आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातॄन् पुत्रान् पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा ॥ १-२६
tatrāpaśyatsthitānpārthaḥ pitr̥̄natha pitāmahān
ācāryānmātulānbhrātr̥̄n putrānpautrānsakhīṁstathā
There Arjuna could see standing in both armies, his fathers, grandfathers,
teachers, maternal uncles, cousins, sons, grandsons, friends;
तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान् पार्थः पितॄनथ पितामहान् ।
आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातॄन् पुत्रान् पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा ॥ १-२६
tatrāpaśyatsthitānpārthaḥ pitr̥̄natha pitāmahān
ācāryānmātulānbhrātr̥̄n putrānpautrānsakhīṁstathā
There Arjuna could see standing in both armies, his fathers, grandfathers,
teachers, maternal uncles, cousins, sons, grandsons, friends;
01-27
श्वशुरान्सुहृदश्चैव सेनयोरुभयोरपि ।
तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान् ॥ १-२७
śvaśurānsuhr̥daścaiva sēnayōrubhayōrapi
tānsamīkṣya sa kauntēyaḥ sarvānbandhūnavasthitān
Father-in-law and well-wishers also in both the armies.
When son of Kunti [Arjuna] saw all these relatives and friends thus standing,
श्वशुरान्सुहृदश्चैव सेनयोरुभयोरपि ।
तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान् ॥ १-२७
śvaśurānsuhr̥daścaiva sēnayōrubhayōrapi
tānsamīkṣya sa kauntēyaḥ sarvānbandhūnavasthitān
Father-in-law and well-wishers also in both the armies.
When son of Kunti [Arjuna] saw all these relatives and friends thus standing,
01-28
कृपया परयाविष्टः विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत् ।
अर्जुन उवाच
दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम् ॥ १-२ ८
kr̥payā parayāviṣṭaḥ viṣīdannidamabravīt
arjuna uvāca
dr̥ṣṭvēmānsvajanānkr̥ṣṇa yuyutsūnsamupasthitān
He was filled with deep compassion and spoke thus in sorrow:
Arjuna said:
Seeing these
my relatives and friends who have assembled here with the intention of
fighting,
01-29
सीदन्ति मम गात्राणि मुखं च परिशुष्यति ।
वेपथुश्च शरीरे मे रोमहर्षश्च जायते ॥ १-२ ९
sīdanti mama gātrāṇi mukhaṁ ca pariśuṣyati
vēpathuśca śarīrē mē rōmaharṣaśca jāyatē
My limbs are quivering and mouth drying up,
my body is trembling and hair is standing on end.
01-31
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव ।
न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे ॥ १-३ १
nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni kēśava
na ca śrēyō:'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanamāhavē
I see omens of evil, o Keshava.
I do not foresee any good in killing my own kinsmen in the battle.
01-39
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम् ।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषम् प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन ॥ १-३ ९
kathaṁ na jñēyamasmābhiḥ pāpādasmānnivartitum
kulakṣayakr̥taṁ dōṣam prapaśyadbhirjanārdana
Why should not we learn to turn away from this sin,
who clearly see the evil arising from destroying the family, o Janardana?
01-40
कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः ।
धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नम् अधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत ॥ १- ४ ०
kulakṣayē praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ
dharmē naṣṭē kulaṁ kr̥tsnam adharmō'bhibhavatyuta
With the destruction of a family, the age-old eternal family traditions perish.
When rites and duties are destroyed lawlessness takes hold of rest of the whole family.
01-41
अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः ।
स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः ॥ १- ४ १
adharmābhibhavātkr̥ṣṇa praduṣyanti kulastriyaḥ
strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇēya jāyatē varṇasaṅkaraḥ
O Krshna, when lawlessness prevail, the women of the family become corrupt.
O descendent of Vrshni, by degradation of womanhood, there comes unwanted corrupt progeny.
01-42
सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च ।
पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषाम् लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥ १- ४ २
saṅkarō narakāyaiva kulaghnānāṁ kulasya ca
patanti pitarō hyēṣām luptapiṇḍōdakakriyāḥ
Polluted family leads to hellish situation both for the family and for those destroyed the family tradition.
The forefathers of these fall degraded because of being deprived of ritual offerings of food and water.
01-43
दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानाम् वर्णसङ्करकारकैः ।
उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः ॥ १- ४ ३
dōṣairētaiḥ kulaghnānām varṇasaṅkarakārakaiḥ
utsādyantē jātidharmāḥ kuladharmāśca śāśvatāḥ
By these evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, which cause intermixture of castes,
the eternal religious duties of the caste and the family are destroyed.
01-45
अहो बत महत्पापम् कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम् ।
यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः ॥ १- ४ ५
ahō bata mahatpāpam kartuṁ vyavasitā vayam
yadrājyasukhalōbhēna hantuṁ svajanamudyatāḥ
Alas! we are prepared to commit a great sin,
by being eager to kill our own kith and kin, out of greed for the pleasures of a kingdom!
01-47
सञ्जय उवाच
एवमुक्त्वार्जुनः सङ्ख्ये रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् ।
विसृज्य सशरं चापम् शोकसंविग्नमानसः ॥ १- ४ ७
sañjaya uvāca
ēvamuktvārjunaḥ saṁkhyē rathōpastha upāviśat
visr̥jya saśaraṁ cāpam śōkasaṁvignamānasaḥ
Sanjaya said:
01-29
सीदन्ति मम गात्राणि मुखं च परिशुष्यति ।
वेपथुश्च शरीरे मे रोमहर्षश्च जायते ॥ १-२ ९
sīdanti mama gātrāṇi mukhaṁ ca pariśuṣyati
vēpathuśca śarīrē mē rōmaharṣaśca jāyatē
My limbs are quivering and mouth drying up,
my body is trembling and hair is standing on end.
01-30
गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात् त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते ।
न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुम् भ्रमतीव च मे मनः ॥ १-३०
gāṇḍīvaṁ sraṁsatē hastāt tvakcaiva paridahyatē
na ca śaknōmyavasthātum bhramatīva ca mē manaḥ
The bow-Gandiva is slipping from my hand and my skin is burning.
My mind is whirling round, as it were, I can no longer able to stand.
गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात् त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते ।
न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुम् भ्रमतीव च मे मनः ॥ १-३०
gāṇḍīvaṁ sraṁsatē hastāt tvakcaiva paridahyatē
na ca śaknōmyavasthātum bhramatīva ca mē manaḥ
The bow-Gandiva is slipping from my hand and my skin is burning.
My mind is whirling round, as it were, I can no longer able to stand.
01-31
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव ।
न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे ॥ १-३ १
nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni kēśava
na ca śrēyō:'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanamāhavē
I see omens of evil, o Keshava.
I do not foresee any good in killing my own kinsmen in the battle.
01-32
न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च ।
किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा ॥ १-३ २
na kāṅkṣē vijayaṁ kr̥ṣṇa na ca rājyaṁ sukhāni ca
kiṁ nō rājyēna gōvinda kiṁ bhōgairjīvitēna vā
I crave not victory, o Krshna, nor the kingdom, nor any pleasure.
O Govinda, what have we to do with kingdom or enjoyment or even life?
न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च ।
किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा ॥ १-३ २
na kāṅkṣē vijayaṁ kr̥ṣṇa na ca rājyaṁ sukhāni ca
kiṁ nō rājyēna gōvinda kiṁ bhōgairjīvitēna vā
I crave not victory, o Krshna, nor the kingdom, nor any pleasure.
O Govinda, what have we to do with kingdom or enjoyment or even life?
01-33
येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नः राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च ।
त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्व धनानि च ॥ १-३ ३
yēṣāmarthē kāṅkṣitaṁ naḥ rājyaṁ bhōgāḥ sukhāni ca
ta imē:'vasthitā yuddhē prāṇāṁstyaktvā dhanāni ca
For whose sake do we desire empire, enjoyment and pleasures,
They stand here in battle, having renounced their lives and wealth.
येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नः राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च ।
त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्व धनानि च ॥ १-३ ३
yēṣāmarthē kāṅkṣitaṁ naḥ rājyaṁ bhōgāḥ sukhāni ca
ta imē:'vasthitā yuddhē prāṇāṁstyaktvā dhanāni ca
For whose sake do we desire empire, enjoyment and pleasures,
They stand here in battle, having renounced their lives and wealth.
01-34
आचार्याः पितरः पुत्राः तथैव च पितामहाः ।
मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा ॥ १-३ ४
ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrāḥ tathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ
mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ syālāḥ sambandhinastathā
Teachers, fathers, sons and also grandfathers,
maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives
आचार्याः पितरः पुत्राः तथैव च पितामहाः ।
मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा ॥ १-३ ४
ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrāḥ tathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ
mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ syālāḥ sambandhinastathā
Teachers, fathers, sons and also grandfathers,
maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives
01-35
एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन ।
अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते ॥ १-३ ५
ētānna hantumicchāmi ghnatō:'pi madhusūdanau
api trailōkyarājyasya hētōḥ kiṁ nu mahīkr̥tē
O Madhusudana,I do not wish to kill them, though they may kill me,
even for the sake of dominion over the three worlds, let alone for the sake of this earth.
एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन ।
अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते ॥ १-३ ५
ētānna hantumicchāmi ghnatō:'pi madhusūdanau
api trailōkyarājyasya hētōḥ kiṁ nu mahīkr̥tē
O Madhusudana,I do not wish to kill them, though they may kill me,
even for the sake of dominion over the three worlds, let alone for the sake of this earth.
01-36
निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन ।
पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान् हत्वैतानाततायिनः ॥ १-३ ६
nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrānnaḥ kā prītiḥ syājjanārdana
pāpamēvāśrayēdasmān hatvaitānātatāyinaḥ
What pleasure we will get by killing these sons of Dhrtarashtra, o Janardhana?
Sin alone will accrue to us by killing these desperate men.
निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन ।
पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान् हत्वैतानाततायिनः ॥ १-३ ६
nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrānnaḥ kā prītiḥ syājjanārdana
pāpamēvāśrayēdasmān hatvaitānātatāyinaḥ
What pleasure we will get by killing these sons of Dhrtarashtra, o Janardhana?
Sin alone will accrue to us by killing these desperate men.
01-37
तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुम् धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान् ।
स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव ॥ १-३ ७
tasmānnārhā vayaṁ hantum dhārtarāṣṭrānsabāndhavān
svajanaṁ hi kathaṁ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava
Therefore, it is not proper for us to kill the sons of Dhrtarastra and our relatives.
How can we be happy by killing our kinsmen o Madhava?
तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुम् धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान् ।
स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव ॥ १-३ ७
tasmānnārhā vayaṁ hantum dhārtarāṣṭrānsabāndhavān
svajanaṁ hi kathaṁ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava
Therefore, it is not proper for us to kill the sons of Dhrtarastra and our relatives.
How can we be happy by killing our kinsmen o Madhava?
01-38
यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः ।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषम् मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् ॥ १-३ ८
yadyapyētē na paśyanti lōbhōpahatacētasaḥ
kulakṣayakr̥taṁ dōṣam mitradrōhē ca pātakam
Although these people whose harts overpowered by greed,
see no evil in the destruction of families, and no sin in cruelty to friends,
यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः ।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषम् मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् ॥ १-३ ८
yadyapyētē na paśyanti lōbhōpahatacētasaḥ
kulakṣayakr̥taṁ dōṣam mitradrōhē ca pātakam
Although these people whose harts overpowered by greed,
see no evil in the destruction of families, and no sin in cruelty to friends,
01-39
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम् ।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषम् प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन ॥ १-३ ९
kathaṁ na jñēyamasmābhiḥ pāpādasmānnivartitum
kulakṣayakr̥taṁ dōṣam prapaśyadbhirjanārdana
Why should not we learn to turn away from this sin,
who clearly see the evil arising from destroying the family, o Janardana?
01-40
कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः ।
धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नम् अधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत ॥ १- ४ ०
kulakṣayē praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ
dharmē naṣṭē kulaṁ kr̥tsnam adharmō'bhibhavatyuta
With the destruction of a family, the age-old eternal family traditions perish.
When rites and duties are destroyed lawlessness takes hold of rest of the whole family.
01-41
अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः ।
स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः ॥ १- ४ १
adharmābhibhavātkr̥ṣṇa praduṣyanti kulastriyaḥ
strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇēya jāyatē varṇasaṅkaraḥ
O Krshna, when lawlessness prevail, the women of the family become corrupt.
O descendent of Vrshni, by degradation of womanhood, there comes unwanted corrupt progeny.
01-42
सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च ।
पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषाम् लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥ १- ४ २
saṅkarō narakāyaiva kulaghnānāṁ kulasya ca
patanti pitarō hyēṣām luptapiṇḍōdakakriyāḥ
Polluted family leads to hellish situation both for the family and for those destroyed the family tradition.
The forefathers of these fall degraded because of being deprived of ritual offerings of food and water.
01-43
दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानाम् वर्णसङ्करकारकैः ।
उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः ॥ १- ४ ३
dōṣairētaiḥ kulaghnānām varṇasaṅkarakārakaiḥ
utsādyantē jātidharmāḥ kuladharmāśca śāśvatāḥ
By these evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, which cause intermixture of castes,
the eternal religious duties of the caste and the family are destroyed.
01-44
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणाम् मनुष्याणां जनार्दन ।
नरकेऽनियतं वासः भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम ॥ १- ४ ४
utsannakuladharmāṇām manuṣyāṇāṁ janārdana
narakē niyataṁ vāsaḥ bhavatītyanuśuśruma
O Janardana, those men in whose families the religious practices have been destroyed,
dwell in hell for an indefinite period of time; this is what we have heard.
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणाम् मनुष्याणां जनार्दन ।
नरकेऽनियतं वासः भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम ॥ १- ४ ४
utsannakuladharmāṇām manuṣyāṇāṁ janārdana
narakē niyataṁ vāsaḥ bhavatītyanuśuśruma
O Janardana, those men in whose families the religious practices have been destroyed,
dwell in hell for an indefinite period of time; this is what we have heard.
01-45
अहो बत महत्पापम् कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम् ।
यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः ॥ १- ४ ५
ahō bata mahatpāpam kartuṁ vyavasitā vayam
yadrājyasukhalōbhēna hantuṁ svajanamudyatāḥ
Alas! we are prepared to commit a great sin,
by being eager to kill our own kith and kin, out of greed for the pleasures of a kingdom!
01-46
यदि मामप्रतीकारम् अशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः ।
धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युः तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत् ॥ १- ४ ६
yadi māmapratīkāram aśastraṁ śastrapāṇayaḥ
dhārtarāṣṭrā raṇē hanyuḥ tanmē kṣēmataraṁ bhavēt
If the sons of Dhrtarashtra armed with weapons kill me in this battle while I am unarmed and unresistant, that will be better for me.
यदि मामप्रतीकारम् अशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः ।
धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युः तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत् ॥ १- ४ ६
yadi māmapratīkāram aśastraṁ śastrapāṇayaḥ
dhārtarāṣṭrā raṇē hanyuḥ tanmē kṣēmataraṁ bhavēt
If the sons of Dhrtarashtra armed with weapons kill me in this battle while I am unarmed and unresistant, that will be better for me.
01-47
सञ्जय उवाच
एवमुक्त्वार्जुनः सङ्ख्ये रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् ।
विसृज्य सशरं चापम् शोकसंविग्नमानसः ॥ १- ४ ७
sañjaya uvāca
ēvamuktvārjunaḥ saṁkhyē rathōpastha upāviśat
visr̥jya saśaraṁ cāpam śōkasaṁvignamānasaḥ
Sanjaya said:
Having said
thus in the battle field, Arjuna sat down on the seat of the chariot,
casting away his bow and arrows, with his mind agitated with sorrow.
ॐ तत्सदिति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे
श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे अर्जुनविषादयोगो नाम प्रथमोऽध्यायः
ōṁ tatsaditi śrīmadbhagavadgītāsūpaniṣatsu brahmavidyāyāṁ yōgaśāstrē
śrīkṛṣṇārjunasaṁvādē arjunaviṣādayōgō nāma prathamō'dhyāyaḥ
Om, that is real, thus in the Bhagavad geeta,
the Upanishads, the science of the Eternal,
the scripture of Yoga, the dialogue between Shri Krshna and Arjuna,
the first chapter entitled ‘The yoga of Arjuna’s dejection’ ends here.
casting away his bow and arrows, with his mind agitated with sorrow.
ॐ तत्सदिति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे
श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे अर्जुनविषादयोगो नाम प्रथमोऽध्यायः
ōṁ tatsaditi śrīmadbhagavadgītāsūpaniṣatsu brahmavidyāyāṁ yōgaśāstrē
śrīkṛṣṇārjunasaṁvādē arjunaviṣādayōgō nāma prathamō'dhyāyaḥ
Om, that is real, thus in the Bhagavad geeta,
the Upanishads, the science of the Eternal,
the scripture of Yoga, the dialogue between Shri Krshna and Arjuna,
the first chapter entitled ‘The yoga of Arjuna’s dejection’ ends here.